431
HTTPERRORNotable4xx Client ErrorHIGH confidence

Request Header Fields Too Large

Production Risk

Low. It's a protective measure for the server. The error is rare and almost always points to a bug in the client or web application creating excessively large headers.

What this means

The server is unwilling to process the request because its header fields are too large. The request may be resubmitted after reducing the size of the request header fields.

Why it happens
  1. 1A client is sending a very large number of cookies.
  2. 2A client is sending an exceptionally long 'Authorization' header or other custom headers.
  3. 3The total size of all headers combined exceeds the server's configured limit.
How to reproduce

A website sets too many cookies, and on subsequent requests, the size of the 'Cookie' header exceeds the server's limit (e.g., 8KB).

trigger — this will error
trigger — this will error
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Cookie: ... (imagine many kilobytes of cookie data)

expected output

HTTP/1.1 431 Request Header Fields Too Large

Fix 1

Reduce Header Size

WHEN You control the client or server setting the headers (like cookies).

Reduce Header Size
Consolidate cookies, use session storage instead of cookies for non-essential data, or shorten other header values.

Why this works

Application Logic

Fix 2

Increase Server's Header Limit

WHEN You control the server and the large headers are necessary.

Increase Server's Header Limit
// Nginx example in nginx.conf
large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;

Why this works

Server Configuration

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