EC
1431
MySQLERRORCommonDDLHIGH confidence

Table upgrade required — use REPAIR TABLE

Production Risk

High — table is unusable until repaired; all queries against it will fail.

What this means

ER_TABLE_NEEDS_UPGRADE (1431, SQLSTATE HY000) is returned when a table was created by an older MySQL version and must be upgraded before use. Commonly seen after a MySQL version upgrade.

Why it happens
  1. 1MySQL was upgraded but the old table format was not migrated
  2. 2MyISAM table was created in an older version with an incompatible key format
How to reproduce
trigger — this will error
trigger — this will error
-- Check tables needing upgrade:
SELECT * FROM information_schema.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_COMMENT LIKE '%needs upgrade%';

expected output

ERROR 1431 (HY000): Table upgrade required. Please do "REPAIR TABLE `db`.`table`" or dump/reload to fix it!

Fix

Run REPAIR TABLE

Run REPAIR TABLE
REPAIR TABLE my_table;
-- Or for all tables in the database:
mysqlcheck --all-databases --auto-repair -u root -p

Why this works

REPAIR TABLE rewrites the table in the current format, resolving any version incompatibilities.

Version notes
MySQL 8.0

After upgrading to MySQL 8.0, run mysql_upgrade or mysqlcheck to upgrade all tables.

Sources
Official documentation ↗

MySQL 8.0 — 1431 ER_TABLE_NEEDS_UPGRADE

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