22008
PostgreSQLERRORNotableData ExceptionHIGH confidence

datetime field overflow

What this means

SQLSTATE 22008 is raised when a datetime or interval value computation produces a result that overflows the valid range of the timestamp or interval type, or when a datetime field (month, day, hour, etc.) contains an out-of-range value.

Why it happens
  1. 1Computing a timestamp that falls outside the Postgres timestamp range (4713 BC to 294276 AD)
  2. 2Adding an interval that pushes a timestamp past the maximum value
  3. 3Datetime field value out of range (e.g., month 13, day 32)
How to reproduce

Interval arithmetic pushing a timestamp out of range.

trigger — this will error
trigger — this will error
SELECT '294276-01-01'::timestamp + interval '1 year';

expected output

ERROR:  timestamp out of range

Fix 1

Clamp the timestamp to the valid range before arithmetic

WHEN When computing future or past timestamps that may overflow.

Clamp the timestamp to the valid range before arithmetic
SELECT LEAST(my_date + interval '1 year', '9999-12-31'::timestamp);

Why this works

LEAST clamps the result to a maximum safe value, preventing overflow.

Fix 2

Validate input datetime fields before storing

WHEN When accepting datetime input from external sources.

Why this works

Check month (1-12), day (1-31 depending on month), hour (0-23), minute/second (0-59) before constructing timestamps.

Sources
Official documentation ↗

Class 22 — Data Exception

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