EC
2201W
PostgreSQLERRORNotableData ExceptionHIGH confidence

invalid row count in LIMIT clause

What this means

SQLSTATE 2201W is raised when a LIMIT clause specifies a row count that is negative. A LIMIT of zero is valid (returns no rows), but negative values are not permitted.

Why it happens
  1. 1Using a negative integer or a computed negative expression as the LIMIT argument
How to reproduce

Query with a negative LIMIT.

trigger — this will error
trigger — this will error
SELECT * FROM orders LIMIT -1;

expected output

ERROR:  LIMIT must not be negative

Fix

Clamp LIMIT to zero or above

WHEN When the LIMIT value is computed dynamically.

Clamp LIMIT to zero or above
SELECT * FROM orders LIMIT GREATEST(computed_limit, 0);

Why this works

GREATEST ensures the limit is never negative. Use LIMIT ALL or omit LIMIT to return all rows when no limit is intended.

Sources
Official documentation ↗

Class 22 — Data Exception

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