5.2.1
SMTPERRORNotableMailbox StatusHIGH confidence

Mailbox disabled — not accepting messages

Production Risk

Medium — repeated attempts to disabled mailboxes are flagged as spam-like behaviour by receiving servers.

What this means

The recipient's mailbox exists but has been administratively disabled and is not currently accepting messages. This is a permanent failure for as long as the mailbox remains disabled.

Why it happens
  1. 1The account has been suspended by the mail administrator.
  2. 2The user has left the organisation and the account was disabled but not deleted.
  3. 3The account is temporarily locked due to a policy violation.
How to reproduce

Sending mail to a suspended or disabled account on the receiving mail server.

trigger — this will error
trigger — this will error
RCPT TO:<disabled.user@example.com>
# Server returns:
550 5.2.1 The email account that you tried to reach is disabled

expected output

550 5.2.1 ...

Fix

Suppress the address and notify the sender

WHEN Received as a bounce notification

Suppress the address and notify the sender
# Add to suppression list
INSERT INTO suppression_list (email, reason, added_at)
VALUES ('disabled.user@example.com', '5.2.1 mailbox_disabled', NOW());

Why this works

Suppressing disabled addresses prevents future delivery attempts and protects sender reputation.

What not to do

Retry delivery to a disabled mailbox

The 5.2.1 code is a permanent failure; the mailbox will not accept mail until re-enabled by an administrator.

Sources
Official documentation ↗

RFC 3463 — Enhanced Mail System Status Codes

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